*FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. As a primarily mounted general in Evony, Hamilcar Barca has mounted buffs of 20% in total when all specialties are maxed out. The Carthaginians destroyed the rebel army, after which the Libyan towns submitted to Carthage. Carthage was hit by a series of disasters in 239 BC: her fleet and supply flotilla bringing supplies from Empoia was sunk in a storm, the mercenaries in Sardinia rebelled and the cities of Utica and Hippo Acra killed their Punic garrisons and defected to the rebels. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. Foi pai de Anbal, Asdrbal, Adonibal e Mago, [2] bem como o construtor dos famosos jardins de Amlcar, que se encontravam em Mgara, na periferia de Cartago.. Comandou as foras de Cartago na ltima parte da primeira guerra pnica e foi o . Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Hamilcar Barca ( c. 270 -228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228 BC), the great Carthaginian general and father of the famous Hannibal and his brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, was from North Africa, perhaps born in Cyrene in Libya, according to some scholars. There is no clear record of the political activity in Carthage at this time. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) If he had lived in the United . [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. Apr 3, 2011. Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. Hamilcar exited the valley and, after a hard-fought battle, defeated the army of Spendius. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 av. By 247, when Hamilcar took charge in Sicily, Carthage had lost to Rome all of its Sicilian possessions except Lilybaeum (now Marsala) and Drepanum (now Trapani). Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264241 bce). The carbon dating of the coin is 217 BCE. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Certainly, tribute in money, if not men, was extracted from local cities and new silver mines were worked. According to one line of thought,[60] the Carthaginian army order of march had the War Elephants leading the column, with the light troops and cavalry behind the elephants. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. Some of the surviving rebels fled towards Utica; others, after being driven from their camp near the bridge, fled to Tunis. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. [1], The cognomen or epithet BRQ () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. [78] This event may have taken place as early as 241 BC or more likely in 237 BC. Please support World History Encyclopedia. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. He defeated Rome 's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000-6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. Our Team Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. In 219 B.C., Hannibal led a . Legend suggests that before he embarked upon the Spanish campaign, Hannibals father (Hamilcar Barca) required the nine year old Hannibal to pledge his ever-lasting hatred of Rome. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. After lots of digging and research, it has been proven that the renowned Hannibal was African and Black. 270 a.C. - 228 a.C.) foi um estadista e general cartagins responsvel pela conquista da Hispnia por Cartago. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Hamilcar was in a secure enough position in Iberia to send Hasdrubal the Fair with an army to Africa to quell a Numidian rebellion in 236 BC. Cartwright, Mark. The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. He divided his army: Hannibal took half of the soldiers and camped to the north of Tunis, while Hamilcar camped to the south, thus hemming in Matho's army in Tunis. [53] Hanno posted his army near Hippo Acra, where Matho's army was besieging the town. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. After 15 years of fighting, there was still no end in sight to the Second Punic War. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his father was killed in an ambush in Spain, which was primarily under the rule of the North African empire. (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Corn Fleuron T083009-22.png 1,086 649; 65 KB. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. [54], The rebels held the hills to the west of Carthage and the only bridge across the Bagradas river leading to Utica. His second was to implement his strategy for preparing Carthage for any future conflict with Rome,[82] or enable Carthage to defend itself against any aggression.[83]. The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. [59], It is not exactly known how Hamilcar managed to outwit the rebels. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. Shop paperbacks, eBooks, and more! Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. From that area he mounted naval expeditions against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. The Book of War; Dwight Jon Zimmerman; 2008. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. After Carthage's defeat by . Hercte west of Panormus. You can obtain Hamilcar Barca from the tavern. World History Encyclopedia. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. America's Black dilemma However, as the rebels had no navy, Carthage could draw supplies from the sea and so did not face the threat of starvation. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. Hamilcar stood out far above the Carthaginians of his age in military and diplomatic skill and in strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by his son Hannibal, whom he may have imbued with his own deep suspicion of Rome and trained to be his successor in the conflict. Epist. In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was . Then the so-called Truceless War (also Mercenary War) broke out in 241 BCE. [18] With a small force and no money to hire new troops, Hamilcar's strategic goal probably was to maintain a stalemate, as he had neither the resources to win the war nor the authority to peacefully settle it. Education. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. "Death Date: 229. Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . Mark is a full-time author, researcher, historian, and editor. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. His Punic name implies he is descended from Carthaginian colonists of Sardinia. Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. i. p. 391; Auson. The Carthaginians had gained command of the sea after their victories in 249 BC, but they only held two cities in Sicily: Lilybaeum and Drepanum by the time Hamilcar took up command. OConnell, Robert L, The Ghosts of Cannae, pp80, Carey, Brian T, Cairns John, Allfree Joshua B, Hannibal's Last Battle, pp40, Prevas, John, Hannibal Crosses The Alps, pp41, Cottrell, Tony, Hannibal's campaigns, p18, Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198, Oros. [19] Hamilcar was in command of a mercenary army composed of multiple nationalities and his ability to successfully lead this force demonstrates his skill as field commander. [121] Hamilcar is thought to be the best commander of the First Punic War and as a man, Cato placed Hamilcar a cut above most leaders, including most Romans. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar, furious that Sicily had been given up too soon, while he had been undefeated,[77] could rely on support from this party. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Worst personality award: Nero/Caligula Worst influence award: Honorius (Reasons already stated, I pretty much agree) He doomed the other half though. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. Punic survivors fled, and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and thirty Carthaginian senators. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. Had Hamilcar suffered a decisive defeat, casualties and prisoners would have diminished their numbers and Carthage would have had an excuse not to pay anything. vol. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. A growing number of professional military historians believe that Hannibal Barca was a dark skin ethnically mixed Numidian warrior. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). Hamilcar obtained permission from the Carthaginian Senate for recruiting and training a new army, with the immediate goal of securing the African domain of Carthage. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. With Hannibal and son-in-law Hasdrubal (the Handsome), he and an army of elephants and Phoenician and Numidian troops battled Iberian tribes, founded the city of Akra Leuke (modern Alicante), acquired huge quantities of Spanish silver bullion, and solidified new political and military alliances. Hamilcar felt that Carthage had given up on Sicily too soon in the First Punic War. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Newest results. [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. This loss was not huge, but after decades of war, it drove the cash-strapped Carthaginians to instruct Hamilcar to seek peace terms. found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. Hamilcar Barca. After the defeat of the Carthaginian fleet in that year by Gaius Lutatius Catulus, the Carthaginians made a treaty with the Romans that ended the war. Amazons Who Were the Ancient Female Warriors? [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. Hamilcar in turn nominated Gisco,[38] the Carthaginian commander of Lilybaeum, to conduct the talks. History Themes. People disenfranchised by the ruin of the navy and disruption of trade might have thrown in their lot with this group[76] and eventually Hasdrubal the Fair emerged as the leader. That Hannibal Barca was a dark skin ethnically mixed Numidian warrior growing number of professional military historians believe that Barca... Seek peace terms Jon Zimmerman ; 2008 hands in future make a scapegoat of Hamilcar,... This time hamilcar barca was black shores of Sicily and southern Italy Others and costs 17,000,000 gold was huge! 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